What is Rubella?

This page was reviewed or revised on Thursday, August 13, 2009.

Rubella is a mild viral disease causing a rash in children; low fever, headache, aches and pains, conjunctivitis and rash in adolescents and adults. If a pregnant woman is infected during the first trimester, the developing fetus may die or be severely handicapped. The most common congenial anomalies are vision and hearing impairment, mental retardation and heart defects.

Incubation period

14-23 days.

Transmission

Airborne droplet from nose and throat secretions of an infected person. Blood, urine and feces of infected persons also carry the virus.

Period of communicability

7 days before to 5 days after the rash appears.

Treatment

Monitor and treat symptoms.

Prevention

Immunization with MMR vaccine after first birthday and at 4-6 years. All susceptible adolescent and adult females of childbearing age should also receive MMR vaccine.